Before the procedure, patients typically undergo imaging tests, such as an ultrasound, X-ray, or CT scan, to precisely locate the stone and determine its size and composition. Blood and urine tests may also be performed to assess overall health and to rule out any infections.

URSL is generally performed under general or spinal anesthesia, depending on the patient’s health, the stone’s location, and the surgeon’s preference. This ensures that the patient remains comfortable and pain-free during the procedure.

During URSL, a thin, flexible tube called a ureteroscope is inserted through the urethra and bladder into the ureter. The ureteroscope is equipped with a camera and light, allowing the surgeon to visualize the stone directly. The ureteroscope also has channels through which various instruments can be passed.

Once the stone is located, the surgeon uses a laser fibre, ultrasound, or other energy sources to fragment the stone into smaller pieces. This process is known as lithotripsy. The fragmented pieces are small enough to pass naturally through the urinary tract or can be removed using a small basket-like tool

In some cases, a temporary ureteral stent may be placed in the ureter after the procedure. This stent helps keep the ureter open, allowing urine to flow freely and ensuring that any remaining stone fragments can pass easily. The stent is usually removed a few days to weeks after the procedure.

After the procedure, patients are monitored in a recovery area until the effects of anesthesia wear off. Most patients can go home the same day, although some may require an overnight stay, particularly if a stent has been placed.